جستاری بر شعردرمانی: واکاوی کارکرد و ظرفیت‌های شعر فارسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار روانشناسی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار مطالعات روسیه، گروه مطالعات روسیه، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

روانشناسی و ادبیات اشتراکات زیادی دارند و شعردرمانی یکی از حلقه‌های ارتباطی میان آنهاست. شعردرمانی روشی برای خواندن متون موزون در گروه یا به تنهایی است که هدف آن، تمرکز کردن بر تصویرهای استعاری در شعر و دریافت عمیق معنا در متن شعر است. این شیوة دل‌پذیر قابلیت‌هایی دارد که می‌تواند در مواردی که روان‌درمانی‌ها به روش خشک پاسخ نمی‌دهند، جایگزین مناسبی باشد. از یک سو شعر فارسی جایگاه منحصر به‌فردی در ادبیات فارسی دارد و از سوی دیگر تاکنون پژوهش مستقلی در خصوص استفاده از شعر فارسی در روان‌درمانی انجام نشده است. باتوجه به اهمیت رابطه تنگاتنگ میان ادبیات و روان‎شناسی، پژوهش حاضر می‌کوشد با رویکرد میان رشته‌ای به بررسی شعردرمانی باتکیه بر اشعار فارسی بپردازد. بر این مبنا با واکاری مطالعات صورت گرفته در این حوزه، تلاش شد جایگاه شعردرمانی در ایران و حوزه‌های بین‌المللی مشخص گردد. مراجعه به پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر نشان داد که شعردرمانی برای مشکلات روان‌شناختی، پزشکی و حوزه نوروساینس مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. روش‌های پژوهش شامل پژوهش کمی (آزمایشی و نیمه آزمایشی)، کیفی (مطالعات موردی) و آمیخته (تحلیل اشعار مشارکت‌کننده‌ها و تمرین‌های گروهی) است که به روش‌های انفرادی و گروهی، اما در اکثر موارد گروهی، مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. برای اینکه جلسات روایی و پایایی داشته باشد، برخی الگوهای ساختاریافته برای جلسات شعردرمانی طراحی گشته که در این پژوهش معرفی شدند. در نهایت وضعیت شعردرمانی در ایران نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. همچنین، قابلیت‌های شعر درمانی در مورد اشعار ایرانی مورد بحث قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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